18 Μαΐ 2018

Ανασκόπηση και κριτική της έρευνας για την Υιοθεσία και γονεικότητα στα ομόφυλα ζευγάρια

Αποτέλεσμα εικόνας για αναδοχοι ομοφυλοφιλοι
Είναι γνωστή η τακτική του υπέρμαχων του ομοφυλοφιλικού κινήματος να στηρίζονται σε αμφίβολης επιστημονικής ορθότητας ευρήματα, προκειμένου να πείσουν για τα μέτρα που θέλουν να επιβάλουν στην κοινωνία.

Το ίδιο έγινε και στο προσφάτως ψηφισθέν νομοσχέδιο περί αναδοχής τέκνων, όπου παρουσιάστηκε στην Ελληνική Βουλή κείμενο 55 ακαδημαϊκών, που ισχυρίστηκαν ότι η επιστημονική βιβλιογραφία «καταλήγει στο ξεκάθαρο συμπέρασμα ότι ο σεξουαλικός προσανατολισμός των γονέων δεν έχει μετρήσιμες επιπτώσεις στην ποιότητα των σχέσεων γονέα-παιδιού».
 Στηρίχθηκαν όμως σε ξένη έρευνα μη αντιπροσωπευτικού δείγματος (άτομα υψηλού κοινωνικού status που έκαναν ιδιωτικές υιοθεσίες, ενώ στην Ελλάδα οι αναδοχές γίνονται συνήθως από δημόσιες κοινωνικές υπηρεσίες), δεν ανέφεραν την πιθανή ύπαρξη άλλου φύλου στη διαπαιδαγώγηση του παιδιού (π.χ. νταντάς, που συνηθίζεται στις πλούσιες οικογένειες), ενώ η αξιολόγηση για την ύπαρξη προβλημάτων δεν έγινε από ειδικούς ψυχικής υγείας, όπως θα περίμενε κανείς, αλλά… από τους ίδιους τους ομόφυλους ή ετερόφυλους γονείς, που φυσικά έχουν κάθε λόγο να υποστηρίζουν ότι δεν υπάρχουν προβλήματα στις οικογένειές τους!
…………………………………….
A Review and Critique of Research on Same-Sex Parenting and Adoption
 Περίληψη 
Είναι η έκβαση των παιδιών με γονείς ομοφυλόφιλους άντρες, λεσβίες ή αμφιφυλόφιλους,  η ίδια με εκείνη των ετεροφυλόφιλων γονέων; Το αμφιλεγόμενο αυτό ζήτημα εξετάζεται με λεπτομερή ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας των κοινωνικών επιστημών,  σε τρία μέρη: (1) σταθερότητα των σχέσεων γονέων του ίδιου φύλου, (2) έκβαση των παιδιών και (3) αποτελέσματα παιδιών σε υιοθεσία από γονείς του ιδίου φύλου.
(1) Η αστάθεια των σχέσεων φαίνεται να είναι υψηλότερη μεταξύ των γονεικών ζευγαριών ομοφυλοφίλων και λεσβιών, και μπορεί να αποτελέσει βασικό μεσολαβητικό παράγοντα,  που επηρεάζει την έκβαση των παιδιών.
(2) Όσον αφορά το μέρος 2, ενώ οι γονικές αυτο-αναφορές συνήθως παρουσιάζουν λίγες σημαντικές διαφορές (μεταξύ ομοφυλόφιλων και ετεροφυλόφιλων οικογενειών), το κοινωνικά επιθυμητό  ή σφάλματα λόγω μεροληπτικής  αυτο-παρουσίασης (των γονέων) μπορεί να αποτελέσουν  συγχυτικό παράγοντα.
(3) Ενώ ορισμένοι ερευνητές τείνουν να καταλήξουν στο συμπέρασμα ότι δεν υπάρχουν διαφορές στην έκβαση των παιδιών, ως συνάρτηση του σεξουαλικού προσανατολισμού των γονέων, τα συμπεράσματα αυτά φαίνονται πρόωρα υπό το πρίσμα πιο πρόσφατων δεδομένων στα οποία έχουν παρατηρηθεί κάποια διαφορετικά αποτελέσματα σε μερικές μελέτες.
 Ανασκοπήθηκαν οι μελέτες οι οποίες διεξήχθησαν τα τελευταία 10 χρόνια και   συνέκριναν την έκβαση σε παιδιά ομοφυλόφιλων και ετεροφυλόφιλων γονέων. Διαπιστώθηκαν πολυάριθμοι μεθοδολογικοί περιορισμοί (προβλήματα), που κάνουν πολύ δύσκολη την ακριβή εκτίμηση της επίδρασης του σεξουαλικού προσανατολισμού των γονέων, στις οικογένειες που έχουν υιοθετήσει παιδιά.
 Λόγω προβλημάτων στην επιλογή του δείγματος (του εξεταζόμενου πληθυσμού) στις έρευνες,  εξακολουθούμε να γνωρίζουμε ελάχιστα για τη λειτουργία της οικογένειας στις θετές οικογενειών με ομοφυλόφιλους γονείς και μέτρια ή χαμηλά εισοδήματα, με περισσότερα παιδιά ή  παιδιά μεγαλύτερης ηλικίας συμπεριλαμβανομένων εφήβων, ή για το πως αλλάζει η λειτουργία της οικογένειας  με την πάροδο του χρόνου.
 Παραμένει η ανάγκη για έρευνα υψηλής ποιότητας για τις οικογένειες ομοφυλοφίλων, ιδιαίτερα για τις οικογένειες με ομοφυλόφιλους πατέρες και με χαμηλότερο εισόδημα
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